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Passive income, yield and FIRE, explained plainly

Worked examples and the reasoning behind the numbers in Income Refinery, written for income investors, dividend investors and anyone planning for financial independence.


Methodology · Updated October 2026

How Income Refinery Calculates Yield on Cost and Forecasts

Every formula behind Portfolio Yield on Cost, worked through with real figures, and how the forecast treats reinvestment, income growth and Coast FIRE.

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